“活见鬼”什么意思?现代词典解释,喻意事情离奇古怪,不可理解。在中国盗墓史上,“活见鬼”现象不止出现过一次,是真的有鬼,还是其他原因?
首推的“活见鬼”是汉高祖刘邦的长陵被赤眉军(把眉毛抹成红色作为标记,得名)掘开后,同陵异穴里的皇后吕雉娇丽如生,结果遭兵士奸污。有人怀疑此事不合常理,尸体历二百年仍“栩栩如生”,不可理解;奸尸则更奇怪了。吕雉是刘邦发迹之前的原配妻子,死于公元前180年,比刘邦迟死15年。
赤眉军于王莽在位的天凤5年起事,首领为琅琊人樊崇,以泰山周围为根据地,与篡位的王莽政权对抗。后迅速壮大,号称有10万之众,遂西进关中,攻下长安。
赤眉军杀死西汉末帝刘玄那一年是公元25年,以此时间来推算,到掘陵时跨度长达205年,历如此长的时间尸体没有腐烂?再说,吕雉生于公元前241年,到她死时已是61岁,应该是一个满脸皱纹的老太婆了。史载,当年吕雉三、四十岁时已吸引不了刘邦,而让戚夫人受到专宠。生前已无魅力,是个丑女人,死后还能咋样迷人?无稽之谈。如果有士兵对这样的老女人尸体感兴趣才真是“活见鬼”呢!
但是,史上对此吕雉尸体遭辱一事还确有记载,而且奸的�狗锹里粢桓觥!逗蠛菏�·刘宣子传》记载,赤眉军进入关中,攻占长安后,焚烧了皇宫,又把西汉帝王陵寝作为发泄的对象。赤眉军顶风冒雪赶到今天陕西咸阳附近,“发掘诸陵,取其宝货,遂污辱吕后尸。凡贼所发,有玉匣殓者率皆如生,故赤眉得多行淫秽。”再说:赤眉军要作对的就是刘家天下,报复辱尸的可能性是客观存在的。
但有人仍质疑《后汉书》记录的可靠性。作者范晔是南朝宋(公元420-479年)人,著书时间距事发时间已逾400年。
吕雉的尸体二百年后到底是不是“栩栩如生”,遭奸尸没有,由于距离年代的久远,当年又不可能有现在的录音录像设备,这已成为中国盗墓史永远解不开的妖艳谜案。但解不开谜案,并不等于“活见鬼”现象就不存在。虽然吕雉的尸体遭奸尚有疑点,但根据考古发现可以证明一点,人死下葬后,尸体长期完好保存,历几百年不腐并非是不可能的事情,特殊情况下,甚至“千年不腐”,如埃及的“木乃伊”。
20世纪70年代就出了一个被不少人啧啧称奇的“活见鬼”事情。当年新中国的考古人员在湖南长沙出土的马王堆汉墓中惊讶地发现,与吕雉同处西汉时期的女主人辛追,距今2000年,出土时,这位死时已51岁的“老太太”全身仍润泽如鲜,皮肤覆盖完整,毛发尚存,指、趾纹路清晰,肌肉尚有弹性,如刚入葬不久一般。后来,凭现代模拟技术,根据她的尸骨结构,描绘出了她50岁、30岁、18岁、6岁时的面貌,实乃古今奇观。
事实上,不论是盗掘,还是考古,“活见鬼”现象不是个例,尸体历几百年后仍完好的并不少见,多位考古工作人员都曾遇到过“活见鬼”现象。
民间传说中的另一种“活见鬼”现象——诈尸(假复活),就是尸体得到很好保存后出现的奇异现象。中国历史上最变态的盗墓者刘去就遇到过这样“活见鬼”奇事,吓得他半死。
刘去在盗魏王子且渠的墓时,发现魏“坟甚浅狭,无棺椁,但有广六尺、长一丈的一张石床和一道石屏。床下悉是云母,上有两尸,一男一女,皆二十许,俱东首裸卧,无衣无被,但肌肤颜色有如生人,鬓发牙齿,不异生人。王惧,不敢侵害,还拥闭如旧。”这记载的大概意思就是,刘去掘开墓穴后看到了两具赤裸的男女,就如活人一样,感到十分害怕,不敢再盗掘了,赶紧出来,把盗洞掩去,将陵墓恢复和原来一样。
晋幽公的墓穴高大雄伟,刘去掘墓时发现上面一层尽是白垩土,“拨除一丈多深,乃见一尺厚云母,清除后发现一百余具尸体,纵横相枕,皆未朽烂。唯
有一名男子,其余皆女子,或坐或卧,亦有立者,衣服形色,不异生人。”后世考古专家推断,这一百多个女子,都是当时生殉陪葬的。这意外的发现为
古代生殉制提供了一个佐证。上述关于刘去盗墓的记载见于《太平广记》,《太平广记》是中国宋朝初年由李、徐铉、吴淑等十二人奉宋太宗赵光义之命编纂的,专收中国古代
野史传记、鬼怪小说为主的杂著。这证明,刘去盗墓遇到“活见鬼”,在此前的流传已非一时了。
中国古代专业盗墓第一人曹操,设“发丘中郎将”、“摸金校尉”,专事盗墓。从汉梁孝王刘武的陵墓中盗得大量财宝后,还干了一件坏事——将刘武“裸尸”,这成为袁绍讨伐他的一大罪状“操帅将吏士,亲临了掘,破棺裸尸,掠取金宝。”从这句话中可以看出:在曹操手下掘开刘武王陵后,刘武的尸体也没有腐烂,不然一代大才子陈琳在起草檄文时,就不会用“破棺裸尸”来表述曹操的一大罪状。
最“活见鬼”的事情要算东晋人卞壶的身后事。
卞壶(公元281-328年),为东晋初年著名武将,济阴冤句人(今山
400个民间鬼故事全本
东菏泽),辅佐东晋成帝司马衍有功,官至光禄大夫,加散骑常侍,48岁时为国而死,死后被厚葬于现在的
南京朝天宫一带,并修建有卞公祠,竖御赐忠节坊,牌坊前的水井被称为忠孝泉井。司马德宗在位时的义熙九年(公元413年),有人盗发了卞壶墓,发现“剖棺掠之,壶面尸如生,两手悉拳,爪生达背”。据记载,卞壶死于晋成帝成和三年,也就是公元328年。坟墓被盗是在晋安帝义熙九年,即公元413年,其问相隔85年。过去近百年,卞壶仍“面尸如生”,还长出了能触到后背的长指甲,这恐怕才是真正的“活见鬼”呢!
目前已公开的考古资料显示,马王堆女尸出土的时候棺材里有一种很神秘的红色液体,后来化验就是当年尸体防腐剂。这比现代人用福尔马林尸体保鲜要高明得多,内脏器官完全保留。古代许多尸体保存秘技到现代已失传了一部分,有的还在民间继续使用,如现代不少僧人圆寂后,尸身仍可以多年不腐。除了使用“化学方法”处理尸体外,古人对“物理方法”的使用也很在意。
一般情况下是物理、化学两种方法并用,如古人死后常用玉石等,制成“屁塞”一类的东西,堵住死者的口、耳、鼻、肛门等“七窍”(一说“九窍”)之处,名义是防止“魂灵出窍”,保证魂灵附身、不散,实际上却有保存尸体的特殊功效。在墓穴、棺椁中,一般都要用木碳、石灰等物质,这些物质都有脱水的作用,对防止或延缓尸体腐烂亦有效果。据此分析,吕雉的尸体在死后二百年仍“栩栩如生”是不奇怪的。
现代有学者推测,嬴政的尸体很可能仍然保存完好在秦陵的地宫中,这也是基于秦汉时期尸体保存技术水准较高而言。另有一说,古代帝王尸体能保持多年不腐烂,还与他生前大量服用企图延寿、壮阳的“仙丹”有关,这些含有毒性成份“仙丹”,在体内聚集下来,也能延缓尸体的腐烂时间,甚至得以长期保存。
所以,“活见鬼”现象还是有存在的科学理由的。
Introduce:"It's sheer fantasy " what meaning? Contemporary dictionary explains, analogy meaning thing is bizarre and strange, baffling. Be in China on history of rob a tomb, "It's sheer fantasy " the phenomenon is
民间鬼故事王大胆
more than had appeared, it is true there is sth fishy, be still other reason? Head push " it's sheer fantasy " be Chinese the long hill of great-great-grandfather Liu Bang by red eyebrow army (wipe brow into red to serve as mark, get a name) after be being dug, the Li Rusheng of charming of empress Lv pheasant in acupuncture point of the different that be the same as hill, the result meets with soldier rape or seduce. Somebody suspects this matter disagreement often manages, body all previous 200 years still " lifelike " , baffling; Evil cadaver is stranger. Lv pheasant is the first wife wife before Liu Bangfa is slash, die at BC 180 years, die 15 years than Liu Bangchi. Red eyebrow army starts armed struggle 5 years at the Tian Feng of v/arc be on the throne of king rank grass, chieftain is Fan Chong of Lang Ya person, with base area is all round the father-in-law, with the Wang Mang of usurp the throng political power defies. Hind expand quickly, so-called those who have 100 thousand is numerous, the central Shaanxi plain is entered on the west then, capture Chang'an. Red eyebrow army kills Di Liuxuan of end of the Western Han Dynasty one year that is the Christian era 25 years, come with this time computative, be as long as 205 years to the span when digging hill, doesn't the time body with so chief all previous have decay? Besides, lv pheasant is born at BC 241 years, 61 years old already are when dying to her, should be all over the face the carline of furrow. Shi Zai, in those days Lv Zhisan, Liu Bang already cannot be attracted when 40 years old, and madam allowing a surname is bestowed favor on only. Already did not have glamour before one's death, it is an ug
古典民间鬼故事
ly woman, after dying, return can how is appearance attractive? Eyewash. If the soldier is interested in ability to such old woman body,be really " it's sheer fantasy " ! But, history go up to still have account truly to body of this Lv pheasant by disgrace be related, and of evil still be not Lv Zhiyi. " book of the later Han dynasty · Liu Xuan Zichuan " account, red eyebrow army enters the central Shaanxi plain, razzia after Chang'an, burned palace, regard the object that
中国民间鬼故事 magnet
abreact as mausolem of monarch of the Western Han Dynasty again. Against the wind of red eyebrow army risks snow to arrive Shaanxi is salty today near this world, "Disentomb Zhu Ling, take its treasure money, satisfy the cadaver after defilement Lv. Every thief place is sent, rate of the person that have encoffin of jade small box all is like unripe, reason red eyebrow gets much travel bawdy. " besides: What red eyebrow army wants oppose is Home Liu the world, the possibility that retaliates disgrace cadaver is objective existence. But somebody still is oppugned " book of the later Han dynasty " the dependability of the record. Author Fan Ye is the Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties (420-479 of the Christian era year) person, time of accident of the span when writing a book already evened more 400 years. The body of Lv pheasant is after all after 200 years " lifelike " , do not have by evil cadaver, as a result of space time ages ago, have present recording kinescope facility impossibly again in those days, this already became inextricability of Shi Yongyuan of Chinese rob a tomb coquettish mystery case. But solution does not open mystery case, do not be equal to " it's sheer fantasy " the phenomenon is nonexistent. Although the body of Lv pheasant meets with evil still